Since 2022, Ukraine has been allowed to export virtually all agricultural products to the EU without import duties. This decision was intended to economically support the country threatened by Russia. In the new agreement, these exemptions will be replaced by maximum quantities and quotas.
For various crops and food products, a cap will be set on the amount Ukraine may export annually without duties. Brussels presents this as a compromise that provides both support to Ukraine and protection to farmers in the EU countries.
The five Eastern European countries find this adjustment insufficient. They demand stricter restrictions and maintain that their agricultural sector is being unfairly disadvantaged. Especially Poland and Hungary have implemented extra measures in recent months to protect their own farmers, despite warnings that this contravenes EU rules.
However, the European Commission stands by the submitted proposal and refuses to amend the draft. The Commission states that the package has been carefully balanced between the need to support Ukraine and the interests of EU countries whose farmers face competition.
Within the Council of Ministers, the 27 member states must officially ratify the agreement this month. Because the five countries do not form a majority, their opposition is unlikely to stop the process. Nevertheless, tensions remain high, especially as some countries threaten further blockades.
Hungary is linking the discussion to broader political issues. The country threatens not only to vote against the trade agreement but also to block the formal accession negotiations with Ukraine. Unanimous approval is required for EU enlargement, giving Budapest a decisive position.