The French police unit Demeter was established in 2019 to tackle rural crime, with an emphasis on protecting farmers from threats and vandalism. Its creation came against the backdrop of increasing attacks on agricultural businesses and so-called ‘agribashing.’
Environmental and climate movements have criticized the operation of the Demeter unit. They accuse the unit of violating freedom of speech and the right to peaceful protest. For them, Demeter is a tool to silence critical voices about industrial farming practices.
On the other hand, French agricultural interest groups have embraced the police unit as a measure to protect farmers. They point out that this unit helps them at a time when farmers increasingly face intimidation, theft, and violence.
The recent ruling by the Council of State on November 7, 2024, confirmed the legitimacy of the Demeter unit and its activities. The highest administrative court ruled that the gendarmerie has the right to monitor ideological actions of environmental activists when these actions involve disturbances of public order. The court concluded that there is no violation of fundamental rights.
The ruling has caused division in reactions. Agricultural organizations expressed relief and welcomed the confirmation of Demeter’s legitimacy. In contrast, environmental and human rights organizations expressed their disappointment and concern about possible restrictions on civil liberties. They fear the ruling sets a precedent for further limiting protests and activism in France.