This approval fits within the broader EU strategy to promote sustainable food sources. Insects are seen as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional protein sources, partly due to their lower greenhouse gas emissions. The EU has previously approved other insect products, such as the migratory locust and the house cricket.
The production process of the mealworm powder involves heat treatment to eliminate potential pathogens, followed by UV irradiation for extra safety, after which the larvae are ground into a fine powder. This powder is rich in proteins, fibers, minerals, and vitamins, and can be added up to four percent in products such as bread and pastries, and up to one percent in cheese products.
However, there are also concerns about food safety and possible allergic reactions. People allergic to shellfish and crustaceans may potentially react and develop rashes. Therefore, Brussels requires clear labeling to inform consumers about the presence of such ingredients. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) assessed the safety of the mealworm powder before the approval was granted.
Acceptance of insect-based foods remains a challenge in Europe, where eating insects is not traditional. Nevertheless, the EU hopes these new protein sources will contribute to a more sustainable food system and reduce the environmental impact of food production. The European Commission emphasizes that it is up to the consumer to decide whether to include this kind of product in their diet.
In addition to insect proteins, the EU has previously taken steps to open the market for lab-produced 'cultured meat' and other non-animal proteins. These initiatives are part of the broader 'Farm to Fork' strategy aimed at more sustainable food production and reduced reliance on livestock farming.
Critics point to the need for extensive studies on the long-term effects of consuming insects and other new protein sources. While producers like Nutri'Earth view insect proteins as the future of nutrition, the question remains whether European consumers will embrace these new food sources.
With the introduction of UV-irradiated mealworm powder, the EU claims it is taking a new step towards diversifying protein sources and promoting sustainability in the food chain.