The researchers state that workers often receive insufficient pay. Although the minimum wage is mandatory, many end up earning less, for example because breaks are not counted or overtime is not paid. There are also reports of unclear pay slips and deductions without explanation.
The new German coalition government being prepared by CDU/CSU and SPD plans to raise the minimum wage to 15 euros per hour. The agricultural umbrella organization DBV has already advocated for an exception for agriculture and horticulture.
Additionally, the study reveals that the housing of pickers is often poor. Workers usually live on the premises of the agricultural company, in cramped and dirty accommodations. There is often a lack of privacy, hygiene, and heating. The costs for this housing are typically automatically deducted from their wages.
The workload is also heavy. Workdays are long, sometimes more than ten hours, with little protection against heat or rain. Complaints about physical pain or fatigue are often ignored. Many workers do not dare to voice criticism for fear of losing their jobs.
According to the union IG BAU, little has changed for years. The problems are known, but control mechanisms fall short. The government inspects only a small fraction of companies, and sanctions are often absent, even in cases of clear violations.
The researchers call for better protection of seasonal workers. They advocate stricter inspections, anonymous complaint options, and better information for workers in their own languages. Agricultural employers should also be held accountable for abuses on their farms.
The study shows that the problem is structural. Especially in sectors like asparagus cultivation, where much manual labor is needed, abuses are widespread. Due to the seasonal nature of the work, employers can attract new workers each year without taking responsibility for their well-being.
Ultimately, consumers and supermarkets also play a role. The pressure to deliver cheap food causes farmers to mainly save on labor costs. As long as fair working conditions are not prioritized in the food chain, little will change, the researchers warn.